射频电磁场的健康效应

Health Effects of Radio-frequency Electromagnetic Fields

由通信基站、移动电话、无绳电话、无线路由器等产生射频电磁场(RF-EMFs)已经成为现代生活不可缺少的一部分,为了阐述射频电磁场对人类健康可能存在的风险,评述了近几年射频电磁场健康效应的研究成果。在介绍射频电磁场物理特性的基础上,着重综述了近年来射频电磁场在流行病学调查、人体志愿者、动物实验、细胞和分子、生物物理学等领域的研究进展。大多数流行病学调查表明使用手机与脑瘤呈阴性结果,但也有阳性报道。人体志愿者实验研究主要包括认知、感觉放大、听力和脑电图等方面,以阴性结果为多。动物实验研究主要包括认知、记忆、生殖、血脑屏障、感觉、免疫等方面。细胞和分子研究主要包括脱氧核糖核酸(DNA)损伤与修复、干细胞增值和分化、生殖和发育、细胞凋亡、氧化应激、组织结构、昼夜节律等方面。生物物理学研究主要包括非热效应理论、窗效应、活性氧自由基(ROS)机理、钙离子(Ca2+)等方面。射频电磁场的国际标准有国际非电离辐射防护委员会(ICNIRP)指南和电气与电子工程师协会(IEEE)标准,国内标准有电磁环境控制限值标准。结论是为人类健康应该管理好电磁场;加强电磁生物效应整体论研究;开发实时研究的相关技术;关注生物效应原初作用的电磁能量。

Radio-frequency electromagnetic fields （RF-EMFs） that generated from base station, mobile phone, cordless phone, wireless router, and so on, has become an indispensable part of modem life. To illustrate the radio frequency elec- tromagnetic fields on human health risks, it is reviewed the recently research achievements on the health effects of RF-EMFs. It is briefly describe several physical characteristics of RF-EMFs and emphatically introduce the research progress in the aspects of epidemiological investigation, human volunteers, animal experiments, cellular and molecular studies, and biophysics. Most of the epidemiological investigations relationship between cellular telephone use and brain tumor are negative, but some are positive. Human volunteer studies have focused on cognitive, somatosensory amplification, hearing and electroencephalogram （EEG）, etc. with negative results. Whereas, animal studies mainly targeted cognitive, memory, reproduction, blood brain barrier, feeling, immune, etc. Cellular and molecular studies put main efforts in DNA damage and repair, proliferation and differentiation of stem cells, reproductive and development, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tissue structure, and circadian rhythmicity, etc. Biophysical researches mainly aimed at theory of non-thermal, window effect, reactive oxygen species（ROS） mechanism, and intracellular Ca2＋. International standards of limit values of RF-EMFs are ICNIRP guidelines and IEEE standards, and Chinese standard is Controlling Limits for Electromagnetic Environmental. Conclusions are that to manage RF-EMFs for human health, to enhance Holistic research of the biological effect of RF-EMFs, to develop the technology of the real-time records, and to consider electromagnetic energy on the primary action of biological effect.