假拟作格句的句法语义特征与语篇功能

Syntax-Semantic Features and Discourse Functions of Pseudo-Ergative Clause

作格分析主张作格句和非作格句的二元对立,但在作格句与非作格句之间存在假拟作格句。假拟作格句在形式上具有作格句的结构特征,但其主语不是过程的施事者,而是过程的环境成分。因此,假拟作格句的句法语义特征可以通过语法隐喻得到解释。就其语篇功能而言,假拟作格句在语篇中倾向于表达遭受义,凸显不幸事件对主语造成的不利影响。假拟作格句在服务于语篇意图的同时使语篇以假拟作格句的主语为话题展开,在语篇中形成同一个话题链,保持语篇的话题连续性。

Ergative analysis asserts a binary opposition between the ergative clause and the non-ergative clause, but there exists the pseudo-ergative clause in between the two kinds of clauses. Despite its structural affinity with the ergative clause, the subject of the pseudo-ergative clause is not the agent or instigator but serves as the setting for the process. Pseudo-ergative clauses are inclined to express the meaning of adversity in discourse, giving prominence to undesirable effects on the subject caused by unfavourable events. While fulfilling this discourse intention, pseudo-ergative clauses enable discourse to unfold around the subject of the pseudo-ergative clause as the topics, forming a topic chain, and thus contribute to the topic continuity of discourse.