杭州市流动老年人抑郁现状及影响因素分析

Depression among elderly migrants in urban Hangzhou: a cross-sectional study

目的 了解流动老年人抑郁状况以及社会人口学特征、生活方式、生活满意度、居住安排、健康状况和社会支持对流动老年人抑郁的影响。方法 2014年7—9月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法抽取浙江省杭州市1 378名流动老年人,采用老年抑郁量表（GDS-30）对流动老年人的抑郁状况进行评估,应用二分类logistic回归分析抑郁症状的相关影响因素。结果 流动老年人中抑郁的发生率为36%;单因素分析结果显示,年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、职业状况、家庭年收入、户口类型、当前社区居住时间、居住安排、自评健康状况、日常沟通问题、生活满意度、睡眠质量、体育锻炼时间和社会支持对流动老年人的抑郁症状的发生有影响（P〈0.05）;多因素分析结果显示,年龄为70~79岁（OR=1.827）和≥80岁（OR=4.148）、婚姻状况为离异（OR=4.051）、当前居住时间〈5年（OR=1.733）、睡眠质量一般（OR=1.677）和差（OR=3.029）是抑郁症状的危险因素;与配偶、子女、孙子女其中一类及以上居住在一起（OR=0.376~0.459）、家庭年收入为≥75 000元（OR=0.341）、自评健康棒极了（OR=0.268）和非常好（OR=0.222）以及好（OR=0.272）和一般（OR=0.401）、每天体育锻炼时间越长（OR=0.831）、社会支持越多（OR=0.931）是抑郁症状的保护因素。结论 流动老年人抑郁现象问题严重,年龄、婚姻状况、家庭年收入、当前社区居住时间、居住安排、健康状况、睡眠质量、体育锻炼时间和社会支持是流动老年人抑郁症状发生的主要影响因素。

Objective To study the prevalence of depression among elderly migrants and the impacts of demograph- ics, lifestyle, life satisfaction, living arrangements, self-rated health, and social support on the level of depression among elderly migrants in China. Methods By using multistage stratified random sampling, 1 378 community-dwelling elderly migrants were recruited and interviewed face-to-face in urban Hangzhou, China, in 2013. The 30-item Geriatric Depression Scale （GDS） was adopted to measure depression. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze possible risk factors for depression. Results The prevalence of depression among the elderly migrants was 35.9%. Univariate analysis showed that age, education level, marital status, occupation, household income, length of stay in the current community, living arrangement, self-rated health status, quality of sleep, time spent on physical exercise, and social support were all related to depressive symptom. Binary logistic regression showed that at the age of 70 to 79 （ odds ratio[ OR] = 1. 827 ） or more than 80 years （ OR = 4. 148 ）, being divorced （ OR = 4. 051 ）, living in the current community less than 5 years （ OR = 1. 733 ）, having an ordinary （ OR = 1.677 ） or bad （ OR = 3. 029） quality of sleep were the risk factors of depressive symptoms. Living with family member （ OR = 0. 376 - 0. 459 ）, having an excellent （ OR = 0. 268 ） or very good （ OR = 0. 222） self-rated health status,with much more time spent on physical exercise （ OR = 0. 831 ） and more social support （ OR = 0. 931）were the protective factors. Conclusion Our study shows that the presence of depression in elderly migrants in urban Hangzhou is very common and mainly affected by age,marital status,annual household income,length of stay in the current community, living arrangement, self-rated health status, quality of sleep, time spent on physical exercise, and social support.