新疆维吾尔族成年居民膳食模式调查

Dietary patterns among adult Uyghur residents in Xinjiang

目的了解新疆喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民营养状况及膳食模式。方法采用多阶段随机整群抽样方法,于2013年5—6月对喀什地区1 193名≥18岁维吾尔族成年居民进行调查,采用连续3 d 24 h膳食回顾询问法和食物称重法收集个体及家庭膳食摄入情况,应用因子分析法建立膳食模式并加以分析。结果喀什地区维吾尔族成年居民4种主要的膳食模式分别为传统型膳食模式、西方型膳食模式、肉食型膳食模式和维吾尔族特有型膳食模式;传统型膳食模式是其中的主要膳食模式;该地区膳食模式分布存在性别和居住地区差异;男性和女性膳食模式均以传统型为主,其中男性主要集中在高分位组,而女性则主要集中在低分位组;传统型和西方型膳食模式主要以老年人为主,而肉食型和维吾尔族特有型膳食模式则主要以中青年人为主;4种膳食模式中均以文化程度低、已婚、农民、低收入群体为主;城市居民主要倾向于选择西方型及肉食型膳食模式,而农村居民则倾向于传统型膳食模式;传统型膳食模式与膳食纤维的相关性最高(r_(膳食纤维)=0.487),而肉食型膳食模式则与蛋白质摄入量相关性最高(r_(蛋白质)=0.907)。结论该人群在食物选择、膳食安排上不尽均衡、合理,部分人群存在一定程度的面类、肉类、油盐摄入过高和谷类、鱼禽豆蛋奶类摄入不足以及膳食过于单一和烹饪方式等问题。

Objective To examine nutritional status and dietary patterns among adult Uyghur residents in Kashi region of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region （Xinjiang）. Methods Using multi-stage random cluster sampling, we surveyed 1193 adult Uyghur residents aged 18 years and over in 6 villages and 2 urban communities in Kashi region of Xinjiang with 24-hour dietary recall for 3 consecutive days and food weighing method to collect information on dietary intake during May and June 2013. We performed factor analysis to establish dietary patterns among the residents. Results Four main dietary patterns （ namely traditional model, western style, meat type, and Uygur specific dietary pattern） were identified and the traditional model was a main dietary pattern among the adult residents. Gender and regional differences in dietary pattern were observed among the residents ; more male residents had a higher synthetical score of dietary pattern factors,while more female residents had a lower synthetical score;the elderly residents mainly had traditional and western style food pattern, but the middle aged and young residents mainly had meat type and Uygur specific dietary pattern. The urban residents tended to choose the western style and the meat type diet, while the rural residents tended to have the traditional dietary pattern. Close correlations were observed between traditional dietary pattern and dietary fiber intake （ r = 0. 487 ） and between meat dietary pattern and protein intake （ r = 0. 907 ） Conclusion The adult Uyghur residents in Xinjiang have a generally unbalanced dietary pattern with excessive intakes of wheaten food, meat, salt, and oil but insufficient intakes of cereal, fish, poultry, soybean products, egg, and milk.