TPP中选择性排他管辖权条款的效力研究

Research on the Validity of the Selective Exclusive- Jurisdiction Provision of the TPP

国际条约中的选择性排他管辖权条款是拼接和整合国际法的重要规则,TPP第28.4条即是此类条款。TPP是依据GATT第24条和GATS第5条成立的自由贸易区,但是开放深度和广度都显著超越WTO。TPP与WTO成员身份双重,调整领域交叠,致使TPP与WTO争端解决机构之间的管辖权冲突问题无法回避。为解决该问题,TPP第28.4条设立选择性排他管辖权条款。但是,WTO争端解决实践从未肯定过自由贸易区协定中选择性排他管辖权条款的效力。既有的国际法管辖权冲突协调原则无法解决由此引起的管辖权冲突问题。由WTO争端解决机构行使司法礼让放弃管辖权、由争议各方通过谈判解决、或设特种案件分庭进行共同裁判等三种方案是且只是权宜之策。从根本上分析,多边条约修改的难度、实践的持续发展、以及单个条约中程序规则与实体规则的不可分割性等因素要求后法优先原则在适用于TPP中的实体条款的同时也应当适用于TPP中的选择性排他管辖权条款,WTO争端解决机构应该承认并尊重TPP中选择性排他管辖权条款的效力和其所承载的缔约方程序利益。

Selective exclusive -jurisdiction provision is a kind of important rule which is used to combine and integrate the fragments of international laws, and article 28.4 of the TPP is exactly a provision of such kind. As a free trade area, TPP is established according to article 24 of GATY and article 5 of GATS,while its openness is much wider and deeper than that of the WTO. Since the membership and justification range of both organizations overlap with each other, jurisdictional conflict between the TPP and WTO dispute settlement bodies seems to be unavoidable. Article 28.4 of the TPP sets up selective exclusive -jurisdiction provision. However,the WTO dispute settlement practices have not clearly acknowledged the efficacy of the selective exclusive - jurisdiction provision in the regional trade agreement. Existing coordinating regulation on jurisdictional conflict of international law is also unable to solve the conflicts of jurisdiction. Giving up jurisdiction based on judicial comity, resolving the dispute through negotiation by the parties, or establishing special chamber are matter of expediency. In essence, the difficulty of changing multilateral treaty, the sustainable development of practice, and the integrity of the procedural and substantial rules in a single treaty require that the principle of ＂lex posterior deroga legi priori＂ shall also be applied to the selective exclusive - jurisdiction provision in the TPP. The WTO dispute settlement institution should recognize and respect the procedural interests share by the TPP members based on the selective exclusive-jurisdiction provision.