法律移植与文化适应:基于非法证据排除的实践分析

Legal Transplant and Cultural Adaptation:the Analysis Based on the Practice of Illegal Evidence Exclusion

法律移植是中国法律现代化进程中的必然现象。非法证据排除规则在中国的确立,是一项法律移植的典型制度成果。非法证据排除实践与制度、现实与理想之间的反差与危机,根本上是一个法律移植与文化适应的问题。如何最大限度地实现法律移植的效果,不仅要发挥好法律移植对法律变革的先导性作用,而且要关照到文化适应的结构性、层次性、过程性的特点,注重法律移植与变革的渐进性。我们应当在此基础上,以移植法律规则的本土化改造和本土传统文化的创造性转化为核心,实现法律移植路径从嵌入到融合的转变,通过移植规则与本土文化的互相适应、良性互动,构建主体性与法治化并重的现代化刑事诉讼制度体系。

Legal transplant is an inevitable phenomenon in China＇ s legal modernization process. The establishment of the illegal evidence exclusion rule in China is a typical outcome of legal transplant. The contrast and crisis between the practice and the system, the reality and the ideal of the illegal evidence exclusion is basically a question of legal transplant and cultural adaptation. How to maximize the effect of legal transplant should not only put legal transplant in the leading role in the process of the legal reform, but also take care of the structural, hierarchical, procedural characteristics of cultural adaptation, pay attention to the progressivity in legal transplant and legal reform. On this basis, we should make the localization of transplanted law and the creative transformation of traditional culture as the core ; realize transformation from embedability to integration of the path of legal transplant; build the modern criminal procedure system based on both subjectivity and legalization by the mutual adaption and positive interaction of transplanted rules and local culture.