全球正义的功利主义分析路径——以彼得·辛格的理论为例

On the Utilitarianism Approach of Global Justice——A Case Study of Peter Singer's Theory

功利主义是全球正义理论的一种重要分析路径,彼得·辛格的全球正义理论是其中的代表性理论之一,富裕国家对贫困国家所负有的"援助义务"是辛格的全球正义理论的内核。虽然辛格曾回应了其全球正义理论面临的某些诘难,但是它仍然存在不少有待解决的问题,比如辛格的全球正义理论中的将"拯救落水儿童的义务"扩展为"援助世界穷人的义务"这一关键论证是不能令人信服的,对人们提出了过高的要求,他在回应其全球正义理论面临的批判时有时违背了其推崇的"利益的平等考虑原则",同时,预设了一种不恰当的责任观,面临着功利主义通常所面临的某些批判。

Utilitarianism is an important approach of global justice, and Peter Singer＇s theory of global justice is one of the representative theories. The assistance obligation of rich countries to poor countries is the core of Singer＇s theory of global justice. There are some problems to be solved in Singer＇s theory. Singer thinks that since we have the obligation of saving the drowning child, we have the obligation of helping poor people in the world. This is a key argument in Singer＇s theory of global justice, but it is not convincing. To some rich countries or persons, Singer put forwards some higher requirements, and he has a kind of inappropriate responsibility view.