波状芽管蠕孢属疯草内生真菌研究进展

Advance on theUndifilumspecies fungal endophytes from locoweeds

疯草是世界范围分布的豆科棘豆属和黄芪属有毒植物的统称,其主要毒性成分为吲哚里西啶类生物碱——苦马豆素。放牧家畜采食疯草会发生疯草中毒病,导致瘫痪、不孕、流产、生产性能下降、死亡等,造成的经济损失巨大。波状芽管蠕孢菌是疯草中普遍存在的一类内生真菌,该菌与疯草中苦马豆素的合成和疯草的毒性紧密相关。抑制或阻断波状芽管蠕孢菌在疯草中的传播和苦马豆素合成,将有望降低或消除疯草的毒性。本文将对波状芽管蠕孢属疯草内生真菌的种属分类、与疯草毒性的关系、传播机制、SW的合成机理等方面的研究进行综述,为疯草内生真菌相关研究的开展和从控制疯草内生真菌角度防控动物疯草中毒病提供思路。

Locoweeds including the toxic species of Astragalus spp and Oxytropis spp. are widely grew all over the world. Indolizidine alkaloid, swainsonine,is the main toxin responsible for locoweed poisoning in animals. Affected animals manifest paralysis, abortionl infertility, poor producibility and eventually death. Locoism causes significant economic losses to the livestock industry on western grasslands in China and the United States. A group of fungal endophytes that are classified as Undifilurn species,are isolated frequently from locoweeds and responsible for the synthesis of swainsonine. There is a strong relationship between the presence of Undifilum endophytes and the swainsonine concentration of their host plants. Therefore, controlling the transmission and swainsonine-producing of Undifilurn endophytes in locoweed might be an alternative to control locoism. This paper introduced the newest advance on the taxonomy of undifilum fungi,the relationship between the Undifilum fungi and locoweed toxicity, the transmission of Undifilum fungi and the synthesis mechanism of swainsonine in Undifilum fungi.