小儿急性腹泻流行病学的病源学调查

Epidemiological analysis of pathogenic bacterium,viruses and other microorganisms related to acute diarrhea in children

目的：调查发生小儿急性腹泻流行病因，探讨病原微生物检验情况，为该病的预防和诊治提供理论依据。方法：以我中心收录的562例急性腹泻患儿为研究对象，对其进行流行病学分析，采集患儿粪便标本，进行细菌培养与鉴定，统计微生物微生物分布特点，分析其相关特性。结果：小儿急性腹泻多见于1～2岁之间的男性，发病时间多集中于6～8月份；562例患儿中共检测出489株微生物，病毒所占比例最高，其中人轮状病毒占30．67％，志贺菌占总微生物20．65％，为致病菌中检出率最高的微生物；轮状病毒感染腹泻主要流行于冬季，而细菌感染腹泻和杯状病毒性腹泻流行于夏秋季6～8月。结论：小儿急性腹泻多发于1～2岁男性患儿，微生物检验以病毒为主，应根据感染微生物类型采取针对性的治疗。

Objective： To conduct an epidemiological analysis of pathogenic bacterium, viruses and other microorgan- isms related to acute diarrhea in children in order to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of the disease. Methods： Five hundred and sixty-two cases of children with acute diarrhea treated in our center were selected as the research subjects, whose epidemiologieal data were analyzed. The fecal samples were collected for bacterial culture and identification, and the distribution characteristics of pathogenic bacteria were collected, then their relative characteristics were analyzed. Re- suits： Children with acute diarrhea were more common in male aged 1~2 years old, and the incidence peak was between June- August. There were four hundred and eighty-nine strains in the five hundred and sixty-two cases of children, among which the rate of viruses was the highest, the human rotavirus accounted for 30.67%, and the Shigella bacterium accounted for 20.65% in the total microorganisms, which was the highest detection rate of pathogenic bacterium. Rotavirus infection occurred mainly in Winter, but the bacterial and goblet viral diarrhea was prevalent in summer. Conclusion： Children with acute diarrhea were more common in male aged 1~2 years old male, and the rate of viruses in the detection of microorganisms is the highest, so targeted treatment should be taken according to the type of infection.