社会语言学视阈下的沈阳方言语音变异研究

A study on the phonetic variation of shenyang dialect in the perspective of sociolinguistics

运用社会语言学的变异理论及研究方法,对沈阳市内通过滚雪球抽样方式抽出的100名受试者的调查发现,代表沈阳地方特色的语音[t](zh)、[t‘](ch)、[](sh)、[](r)和[o](o)的发音虽不会在短时间内完全被普通话标准音取代,但是其发音会越来越向标准语靠拢。沈阳方言语音的变化不仅与年龄和职业有关,还与受教育程度以及性别有关,体现了一定的社会分层。普通话的大力推行是引发沈阳方言语音变化的强大社会动力,语言心态和方言接触也是影响沈阳方言语音变化的重要社会原因。

By adopting language variation theory and study method of sociolinguistics, the paper objectively analyzes and describes the use of some phonetic variables in Shenyang dialect on the basis of the pronunciation of 100 informants selected by the snowball method in the urban area of Shenyang. The study shows that although the pronunciation of the sounds[ts]（zh）,[ts]（ch）[s] （sh）,[zt]（r）and[o]（o） which mostly characterizes the local accents will not be completely replaced by the sound of Putonghua in short term, the tendency is clear enough,ie, to be closer and closer to standard Chinese. This sound variation of Shenyang dialect is associated with the social factors of age, profession, education and gender. The change is mainly caused by the spread and diffusion of Putonghua as well as the factors of language attitude. Language contacts are also responsible for the change.