台湾文学文化发展的四大内驱动力——本土与外来、传统与现代、民间与官方、地方与中原的张力

Four Kinds of Tension as the Internal Driving Force of the Development of Taiwan Literature and Culture: Local and For-eign,Traditional and Modern,Folk and Official,Regional and Central

台湾文学文化的四大张力结构中,"本土"与"外来"特别彰显于殖民时代。殖民者要求被殖民者改造以接近"文明",却又因统治的需要,以种族劣等概念抵制这种接近;发现被殖民者的"模拟"其实暗藏抵抗,便加以打压。当代文坛"现代"与"传统"张力凸显,"现代"经历了从高潮到被"传统"取而代之到再度复苏的过程,最终二者犬牙交错,融汇整合。它们在同一作家作品中的共时并存则有助于提升其艺术性。在台湾,"民间""草根"历来代表正面价值,"官方"则反之;但"官方"拥有权力,二者处于动态平衡中。"中原"与"地方"可化约为大传统与小传统的关系,前者代表核心价值观念即共性,后者代表地域文化即个性。全国各地域文化的汇聚,使台湾文学文化显得格外丰富多彩。四种张力并非阻力,反倒是台湾文学文化不断丰富发展的内在动力。

In the four major tension structures of Taiwan literature and culture,'local'and'foreign'contradiction was particularly prominent in the colonial period. The colonists asked the natives to transform in order to approach the'civilization'. However,for dominion,they utilized the concept of racial inferiority to resist the approach. Once the colonists found the'simulation'was hiding resistance,the colonized would be suppressed. In the contemporary literary world,'modern'and'traditional'tension is highlighted. 'Modern'experienced a climax,then was replaced by the'traditional',later revived,and ultimately blended with'tradition'. When they coexist in the same literary works,they help to enhance the artistic quality. In Taiwan,'folk'or'grassroots'always represents a positive kind of value,while'official'represents the opposite,such as people admire'Folk Confucianism'but boycott'Official Confucianism'. Even so,as'official'has power,the two sides are in dynamic balance. 'Central plains'and the'local'can be seen as great tradition and little tradition. The former represents the core values of generality,while the latter represents the regional culture of individuality. The convergence of regional cultures enriches Taiwan literature. It can be seen that the four kinds of tension are not the resistance,but the inner motive force of the development of Taiwan's literary culture.