新型苹果品质改良剂的作用效果研究

Study on the Effect of New Type Apple Quality Improving Agent

当前果园生产中促进苹果果实着色使用最广泛的技术是套袋,但又因其需要大量劳动力和影响果实内在品质,降低耐储性等问题,需要有新的方法能达到与其相似的作用效果。为解决这一问题,该试验在苹果优生区陕西省白水进行了田间试验,以期探索一种更为高效省力、安全环保、逐步替代苹果套袋的新技术。试验以二氢茉莉酸甲酯(MDJ)和香草醛为主成分的2种苹果专用品质改良剂(TR1、TR2)为试材,并与靓钛肥(TR3)及市场上流行的稀土高科肥(TR4)进行比较,通过测定相关指标,探讨其对8年生中熟"玉华早富"苹果果实品质的作用效果。结果表明:2种品质改良剂与同类产品相比,均能有效促进中熟苹果果皮着色,改善果形及亮度,显著提高果实糖酸比,增加维生素C和钾含量;同时对果形指数、可溶性固形物含量、硬度也有促进作用;综上,2种苹果品质改良剂在中熟品种"玉华早富"上应用效果更好,能够同时改善果实风味、营养及贮藏品质,促进果实着色;且其作用效果与含钛(Ti)叶面肥相接近,具有市场推广价值。

At present,bagging is a way which is the most widely used technology to promote fruit coloring in China.But because it is restricted by a large number of labor,affects the fruit quality and reduces the storage and so on,with the development of apple.In order to solve this problem,a field experiment was carried out in the Baishui of Shaanxi Province which was an ample apple production area.The main purpose of this experiment was to explore a more saving labor and high efficiency,safety and environmental protection,and gradually replace apple bagging technology.Dihydro methyl jasmonate（MDJ）and Vanillin were adopted as the main component of two apple specific quality improvement agent（TR1,TR2）as the test material,and compared with Ti fertilizer（TR3）and the market of similar products rare earth high-tech fertilizer（TR4）.Through the determination of relevant indicators,to investigate the effect of quality improver on fruit quality its influence on in middle mature‘Yuhuazaofu＇apple fruit quality indicators were determined.The results showed that the two kinds of quality improvement agent not only could effectively promote the fruit coloring,improve fruit shape and brightness,and significantly improve the fruit sugar acid ratio,but also increase the content of K and vitamin C,compared with the market of similar products.At the same time,the effect of the fruit shape index,soluble solids and the hardness of the fruit was also promoted.In summary,the application effect of two kinds of apple quality improvement agent in middle maturity varieties were better,which could improve the fruit flavor,nutrition and storage quality,and promote the fruit coloring.Their effect was closed to the Ti foliar fertilizer,with market promotion value.