论深度城镇化——十三五期间增强我国经济活力和可持续发展能力的重要策略

Discussion on Deep Urbanization——An Important Strategy to Strengthen China's Economic Vigor and Sustainable Development Capacity during the 13th Five-Year-Plan Period

十三五期间城镇化出现了若干"新常态":城镇化速度将明显放缓,机动化将强化郊区化趋势,城市人口老龄化快速来临,住房需求将持续减少,碳排放国际压力空前加大,能源和水资源结构性短缺将持续加剧。同时还面临着严峻的挑战和问题:城市空气、水和土壤污染,小城镇人居环境退化、人口流失,城市交通拥堵严重,城镇特色和历史风貌丧失,保障性住房积压与住房投机过盛并存,城市防灾减灾能力明显不足。根据这些问题,提出了以下深度城镇化建议:稳妥进行农村土地改革试点,防止助推郊区化;以"韧性城市"为抓手整合资源,提高城市防灾减灾水平;大力发展绿色交通、树立正确的"机动化"观念;改革保障房建设运营体制,降低房地产泡沫风险;全面保护城镇历史街区、修复城镇历史文脉;推行"美丽宜居乡村"建设,保护和修复农村传统村落;研究编制城镇群协同发展规划,完善高密度城镇化地区的空间管治;对既有建筑进行节能、适老改造,加快推广绿色建筑;对小城镇进行人居环境提升改造;全面推进智慧城市建设。

A number of ＂new normal＂ will arise in urbanization during the 13th Five-Year-Plan period： the speed of urb^fizafion will obviously slow down; motorization will strengthen the tendency of suburbaniaation; aging of urban poptdation is comhlg fast; the demand for housing will continue to decre,ase; international pr^mre camed by carbon emk^ion will be stronger, structural shortage of energy and water resources will continue to intensify. Meanwhile, urbanization is facing severe challenges and problems： ,air, water and soil in urban areas have been poUuted; living enviromnent of small towm degrades and popt^fion is lo^s; traffic jams are sefiom in cities; the chanmtetistics and historical scenes of tovaas are lost; overstock of security housing is coexisted with housing speculative exces; cities have weak capacity of di^ster prevention and lmtigation. According to such problen^s, we hereby put forward the following strggestiom： steadily carry out pilot work for rural land reform to avoid helping promote suburbanization; integrate resources by keeping a firm gn^sp on ＂resilient city＂ to improve the cities＇ capacity ofck^ster prevention and mitigation; develop green transportation and establish a correct concept of ＂motorization＂ ; refoml the construction and operation system for sectmty housing and cut the risk of a bubble in real estate; tiflly protect b_istofical blocks in towm and restore their historical culture; inlplement the construction of ＂beautiful and livable＂ villages and protect and restore maditional villages; research and work out coordinated development plml of town groups and perfect space governance in high- demity urbanization areas; renovate existing buildings to make them energy ~ving mid suitable for the elderly and speed up the promotion of green buildir~; promote and renovate the living environment in small towns; completely mlpd the comtmcfion ofm^art city.