家庭农场的经营效率及适度规模——基于松江模式的DEA模型分析

Research on Operating Efficiency and Moderate Scale of Family Farm——Based on DEA Model's Analysis of Songjiang Model

基于微观农场的调查数据,运用三阶段DEA和超效率DEA模型,对松江区粮食家庭农场经营效率及其适度规模进行了实证分析。结果表明：管理因素、外部环境因素和随机因素对农场经营效率均有显著影响,对其进行剥离性分析是合理的。其中,农场主文化程度、粮食种植补贴能够显著提高家庭农场经营效率,农场到镇中心距离与生产效率呈显著负相关关系,而农场主年龄、农田块数、农村劳动力非农就业率等变量的影响则是多元的。18组家庭农场中,最优土地投入规模为8.13~8.40公顷。为了从整体上进一步提高松江区粮食家庭农场的经营效率,可以加快培育职业农场经营者,调整粮食种植补贴结构,构建高效农业技术信息传播体系,加强农场主劳动的协同性,增强经营者进入、退出机制的灵活性以及加大对有机肥、液体肥、低毒农药等的研发及推广力度,实现人与生态环境的协调发展。

Based on the family farmers＇ micro survey data,this paper empirically analyzed the operating efficiency and moderate scale of grain family farms in Songjiang by using three-stage Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA）and supper efficiency Data Envelopment Analysis（DEA）models.The results show that：1 Because management factors,external environment factors and random factors all have significant influence upon scale operating efficiency,and the stripping analysis of those factors is reasonable;2 Among external environment factors,farmers＇ education and grain subsidies have positive significant effect on the scale operating efficiency of grain family farms,the distance between farms and towns has significant negative effect,and the famers＇ age,land blocks,nonfarming employment rate of rural labor have complex effects;3 Among 18 groups of family farms,the optimal scale of land investment is 8.13 to 8.40hm2.In order to further improve the scale operation efficiency of grain family farms as a whole,Songjiang District should accelerate the development of professional farm managers,adjust the grain planting structure of subsidies,build efficient agricultural technology system of information communication,？strengthen coordination of farmers labor,enhance the flexibility？of mechanism for operators to enter and exit and increase the RD and promotion efforts on organic fertilizer,liquid fertilizer,low toxicity pesticides and others in order to achieve a harmonious development of human and ecological environment.