农村已婚女性就业现状及其影响因素

Analyzing Rural Married Women's Employment Status and Its Influencing Factors

利用全国7省区2 118个农村已婚女性样本的调查数据,运用集群效应下的二元Logit和MLogit模型,实证分析了我国农村已婚女性的就业现状以及就业内容、就业地区选择的影响因素,特别对家庭中孩子个数和配偶工作地点进行了分类探讨。研究发现:个人资本变量对已婚女性是否参与非农劳动依旧具有显著性影响;不同教育阶段的孩子个数对已婚女性从事非农就业和就业地点选择均有不同程度的影响,其中处于抚养阶段的孩子仍是女性放弃非农就业的重要原因;配偶工作地点与已婚女性工作地点的选择具有高度匹配性。最后从促进已婚女性非农就业角度提出了相关政策建议。

Using 2118 rural married women sample survey data of 7provinces in 2012,we measured the current situation of rural married women＇s employment in China,the influence factors of job content and the choices of employment areas.Moreover the number of children in the family and spouse＇s work place were classified and discussed particularly.The measurement method binary Logit Model and MLogit Model were used to consider the rural married women force participation with cluster effect.The study finds that private capital has significant effect for married women to participate in non-agricultural labor market as usual.Furthermore,the number of children with different education stages has different impacts on the will of married women engaging in non-agricultural employment and employment location.Among them,the most important reason for women giving up jobs is still the number of children in the supporting phase.Besides,spouses＇ working places are highly matched with married women＇s choices.The study also puts forward policy proposals to promote rural married women＇s non-agricultural employment.