市场经济中的人文制度与自由考量——由《巨变:当代政治与经济的起源》而论

On the Culture System and Freedom of Market Economy Based on The Great Transformation: the Political and Economic Origins of Our Time

卡尔·波兰尼的《巨变:当代政治与经济的起源》一书对已进入21世纪的发展中国家仍具有充分的理论价值。自律性市场经济的制度性缺陷表现在图利的价值追求和将人与自然商品化,而忽视了社会的人文面向和人与自然的本质;自律性市场经济的图利本质及其形成的市场制度,造成了19世纪欧洲社会的巨大动荡,而非工业社会的非逐利性互惠制度和再分配制度,却维持了小至部落社会、大至集权专制社会的经济良性和社会稳定;自由主义者倡导的完全无节制的市场自由带来了大量的失业、贫困和社会失序。故而,面对经济新常态,我国应促进经济与社会的深入互嵌,增强市场经济的人文度量、自然关怀、互惠属性和有效监管。

The book of The Great Transformation： the political and Economic Origins of Our Time is of theory value for the developing countries in 21 st century. The defects of self- discipline market system are desiring to profits and commoditizing human and nature,which leaded to the chaos of European society in 19 century. Based on no for profiting,reciprocity system and reallocation system maintain the society stable and economy developing in pre- industrial society. On the contrary,the thorough free market advocated by libertarian produced mass unemployment,poverty and social disruption. Therefore,facing the new normal economy,we should promote inter- embedding between society and economy,we should enhance the culture considering and natural caring,we should strengthen reciprocity and market supervision.