中国榛属植物种质资源分布格局及其适生区气候评价

Study on the Distribution of Corylus L. in China and the Climatic Evaluation of the Suitable Areas

应用地理信息系统和统计学原理,研究中国榛属植物分布规律,评价适生区气候,分析气候因子对其分布的影响,并根据适生气候的相似性,探讨榛属植物种间关系。结果表明:国内榛属植物纬度分布范围在24°31'N^51°42'N,经度分布范围在85°55'E^132°12'E,主要分布区从东北—华北山区、秦岭和甘肃南部及河南—华中—西南呈斜带状分布,分布种数在华中地区达到最多;垂直分布自东至西随经度降低海拔逐渐升高,纬度对各种质分布海拔影响存在显著差异;年均气温和冷温是影响榛属植物分布的关键气候因子;榛属植物分布种数与各气候因子间的回归方程为:Y=11.883-0.051X1+0.131X2-0.003X4-0.004X5-0.001X6+0.051X8,根据分布区气候相似性进行聚类分析,将我国榛属植物分为3类:平榛和毛榛为一类,川榛、华榛、刺榛、绒苞榛和滇榛为一类,维西榛为一类。

Geographic information system and the principle of statistics were applied to study the distribution of Corylus L. germplasm resources in China and the climates of the distribution areas. The climate factors affecting the distribution pattern of Corylus L. were analyzed in this study and the interspecific relationship of Corylus L. was also discussed according to the similarity of the suitable climates. The results showed that：the genus Corylus L. latitude range from 24°31＇ N-51°42＇ N and longitude range from 85°55＇ E-132°12＇ E. The main distribution areas of Corylus L. were from the mountainous area of northeast China, to the mountainous area of north China, to Qinling Mountains, southern of Gansu and Henan province,to central China,then to the southwest of China,which showed a diagonal distribution in China. The number of species of Corylus L. distributed in central China was the most. The vertical distribution of Corylus L. was increased gradually with decreasing of the longitude from east to west and there was a significant correlation between the latitude and the altitude distribution of Corylus L. in China. The average annual temperature and the cold temperature were the key factors affecting the distribution of Corylus L.. The regression equation between the distribution of species and the climatic factors was Y = 11. 883 -0.051X1 ＋ 0. 131 X2 -0. 003X4 -0. 004X5 -0. 001X6 ＋0. 051X8. According to the climate similarity of the distribution area of Corylus L. ,3 groups were clustered： C. heterophylla Trautv and C. mandshurica Maxim. were clustered into the I group, C. kweichowensis Hu, C. chinensis Franch. , C. fargesii Schneid. , C. yunnanensis A. Comus and C. ferox Wall. were clustered into the Ⅱ group and C. wartgii Hu was clustered into the Ⅲ group.