中国县域经济差异不断扩大的根源:经济不平等还是政治不平等?

The Root Cause of Expanding Economic Disparity among Chinese Counties:Economic Inequality or Political Inequality?

市管县模式下,很容易发生县域经济体之间争夺经济发展资源的"排挤效应",使得中国县域经济差异不断扩大。利用泰尔指数嵌套分解的结果显示,省直管县改革只能弱化但并不能消除这种"排挤效应",究其原因,中国县域经济发展不断扩大的根源在于政治权的不平等而非经济权的不平等,经济管理权限仅仅是政治权力的一部分,获得了经济管理权的县城在"政治锦标赛"制度下依然要服从于市级政府发展规划。进一步对省直管县改革之后山东、安徽32个县的面板门限回归结果也证实,市县之间、县县之间的排挤效应依然存在。现有的省直管县改革并不彻底,惟有实现包括行政、人事在内的全面性的政治权下移才可能缩小县域经济差异。

Under the original city-governing-county mode, the scrambling effect between county economies widely exists for resources of economic development, making the economic disparity among Chinese counties keep expanding. Theil index nested decomposition result shows that, the reform of province-governing-county reform aiming at decentralization of economic management authority haven＇t alleviated the expanding economic disparity among counties. As for our view, they ignore the fact that the cause of expanding economic disparity among Chinese counties is rooted in political inequality rather than economic inequality. Since economic management authority is only a part of the political power, in the ＂political tournament＂ system, counties still have to be subordinate to the municipal government development planning after obtaining their right of economic management, suggesting that the problem of municipal districts ccupying the county development space has not been completely resolved. Further panel threshold regression result with the 32 counties of three provinces also confirms the existence of scrambling effect after the reform. Policy implications of this paper lies in that, only by shifting the political rights including administrative, personnel downward can we make the reform of province-governing-county seem completely and thus decrease the economic disparity among counties.