“擦擦”的西夏译法小考

On Caca's Xixia Translation Version

"擦擦"是一种用于佛教供养的小型脱模泥塑,一般认为译自藏语tsha-tsha,源于梵文satchaya,原意为"完美的形象"或"复制"。"擦擦"的译法最早见于元代汉文史籍,对应藏文tsha-tsha。西夏时期用汉字"截截"对译,西夏文写作"■tshja^1■tshja^1"。山摄从母屑韵开口四等入声字"截"与藏文tsha对应,这一译法同时印证了12世纪汉语河西方音中浊音从母字变为送气清音与入声韵尾失落等语音规律。

＂Caca＂ is a kind of small-scale Demoulded Clay Sculpture of Buddhism. People commonly believe that it is translated from Tibetan ＂tsha tsha＂ coming from the Sanskrit ＂satchaya＂. Its original meaning is ＂perfect image＂ or ＂copy＂. Translation of ＂Caca＂ appeared as early as in Yuan dynasty in Chinese history, corresponding to the Tibetan ＂tsha tsha＂ . In Xixia period, it is translated into ＂Jie-jie＂ in Chinese characters. In Xixia Tangoute, it is written as ＂Gou-gou＂ . The pronunciation of Chinese character ＂Jie＂ is corresponding to the Tibetan ＂tsha＂ . This translating method verified the phonetics rules in Hexi re,on in the 12- centurv.