宁夏秦腔经典剧《玉凤簪》流变考论

On the Development of “The Jade Swan Hairpin”——Classic Qinqiang Opera in Ningxia

秦腔经典剧《玉凤簪》的故事雏形源于清康熙年间发生于宁夏府的一起的凶杀案,陕西、甘肃等地的秦腔班社据此案以及民间传说将其改编为剧本上演,受到观众喜爱。秦腔《玉凤簪》在宁夏搬演的时间较晚,但该剧在宁夏流变最为丰富,尤其是20世纪50年代末至60年代,被改编为《康熙访宁夏》,同时被越剧、京剧移植,在北京、上海等戏曲中心城市演出,产生了轰动。随着"文革"的开始,该戏及编剧被"打倒"。"文革"结束后,《玉凤簪》获得平反,被重新改编上演。剧本在改编中染有时代的风潮变化和民族地区的艺术特色。因此,考论该剧流变之意义不仅是对一部经典秦腔剧演出与改编历程的梳理,其意义还在于通过该剧的命运,折射出秦腔及中国戏曲一个多世纪的跌宕发展。

The story of classic Qinqiang opera＂The Jade Swan Hairpin＂derives from a murder case happened in Ningxia in Kangxi Dynasty. Then some Qingqiang troupes in Shaanxi, Gansu and other places change and dramatize this folktale and put it on the stage, which is popular among the audience. Although the performance of Qinqiang opera＂The Jade Swan Hairpin＂is late in Ningxia, its de- velopment in Ningxia is the most abundant. Especially in the late 50s and 60s, it was adapted into ＂Kangxi Visited Ningxia＂. Later it was adopted by Yueju Opera and Peking Opera and was put into performance in central cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and so on, which produced great influence. With the beginning of the＂ Cultural Revolution＂, this opera and its screenwriter were overthrown. After the＂ Cultural Revolution＂,＂The Jade Swan Hairpin＂ won rehabilitation and adapted to put into performance again. The adapted version reflects the development of the age and has artistic features of ethnic minority areas. Therefore, studying the development of the Qinqiang opera＂ The Jade Swan Hairpin＂ not only combs the process of its history and performance, but also reflects the ups and downs de- velopment of Qingqiang and Chinese opera.