农村水利市场化管理困境中的利益相关者与组织激励-基于浙江省农村微观数据的实证检验

The Stakeholdership and Organizational Motivation in Predicaments in the Marketization Process of Water Resources: An Empirical Analysis based on Rural Micro Data from Zhejiang Province

针对近年来中国农村水利管理中投资不足与政府缺位的双重困境,从农户参与行为的视角,本文基于浙江省9个县(市)13个村庄557个农户的实地调查数据,在考虑地方政府、农村社区、用水组织及个体农户等参与水利管理的利益相关者的基础上,构建农户模型,推导出政府激励下用水组织管理模式及农户参与行为的变化趋势,并运用结构方程模型分析方法,研究了农村水利市场化中农户参与式管理的组织激励。结果显示:农户的经济状况、社会地位以及其他个体因素会影响其他利益相关者参与水利管理的权力和责任,不同社区条件下的组织激励方式在一定程度上会影响水利管理的整体社会参与效果;个体农户与其他利益主体之间的社会关系对组织激励具有正向传动作用,尤其是个体农户与社区之间的交互特征以及农村社区的地理文化环境对水利组织管理效率的影响最大;经济性报酬参与方式成为现阶段农户参与水利管理的主要激励手段。

Insufficient investment and the absence of government management have recently been identified as two predicaments in the water resources management in China. Adopting a behavioral approach with regard to farmers' participation, this article conducts a structural equation modeling analysis and examines the organizational motivation of water resources management in the marketization process of water resources in rural China. It uses field survey data collected from 557 farmers from 13 villages of 9 counties and cities in Zhejiang province, and takes into account those stakeholders involved in water resources management, including local governments, rural communities, water use organizations and individual farmers. The results show that, the authority and responsibility of other stakeholders in the water resources management are influenced by farmer stakeholders' economic status, social status and other personal factors, and the types of organization incentives in different communities can affect the participation effect on the whole society in the water resources management. Moreover, the social relationships between individual farmers and other stakeholders appear to have positive effects on organizational motivation. In particular, the interaction characteristics between individual farmer households and their communities, and geographical, cultural condition of the communities, are found to have greatest influence on management efficiency of water resources organizations. Finally, the study shows that, at present, economic compensation has become the main method to motivate farmers' participation in water resources management.