重构可持续的空间规划体系——2010年以来英国规划创新与争议

RECONSTRUCTING SUSTAINABLE SPATIAL PLANNING SYSTEM: INNOVATIONS AND RELEVANT DEBATES OF THE UK GOVERNMENT SINCE 2010

面对全球经济衰退和地方可持续发展的严峻挑战,英国政府自2010年以来,为消除传统规划缺乏应变能力及效率低下等弊端,进而重构可持续的空间规划体系,在规划编制体系和规划执行机制等两个层面,推动了一系列政策创新:包括压缩上位规划层级,强化地方决策权力,建立沟通协调机制,注重评估审查环节,兼顾开发灵活性等。英国规划创新存在诸多现实争议,如新规划体系能否体现可持续发展诉求,地方间协作机制能否替代区域空间战略,地方规划能否胜任开发管理需求,地方社区能否在邻里规划中发挥主导作用等。尽管如此,政府权力、社会组织和市场利益之间多方制衡的自我修正机制,为规划体系的持续调整和良性发展提供了制度保障。

Faced with overwhelming challenges of global economy recession and local sustainable development, in order to demolish disadvantages of traditional planning system such as inflexibility, ineffectiveness and so on, and in pursuit of reconstructing sustainable planning system, the UK government has been carrying out a series of policy innovations which involves simplifying top tier of the planning hierarchy, strengthening local power of decision making, establishing cooperative mechanism between adjacent locals, focusing on procedures of inspection and appraisal, and emphasizing flexibility of local development. There are quite a lot disputes over the planning innovations in UK such as whether the new planning system is able to reflect the pursuit for sustainable development, whether the local cooperation mechanism can replace the regional spatial strategy, whether the local planning is capable of development management, whether the local communities canplay the dominant role in neighborhood planning, etc. Despite all these disputes, the self-adapting mechanism of balancing between government, market and social organizations in UK provides an institutional foundation for the sustained improvement of urban planning system.