农村土地经营权信托流转的法律构造

The Legal Structure of Transfer of Trust on Farm- Land Management Right

农村土地以信托方式流转时,信托的委托人和受益人都是农户,因而农村土地流转信托属于自益型信托。依"三权分置"的农村土地制度改革设计,具有身份属性的农地承包权保留在农民手中,土地经营权作为用益物权进行流转,因而农村土地流转信托的客体是土地经营权而非土地承包经营权。信托设立后,土地经营权要移转给作为受托人的土地信托公司,由其以自己名义进行控制和处分。为保护农户的利益、并兼顾信托公司和农业生产经营者等第三人的利益,应通过信托登记公示信托财产。同时,信托公司有义务依信托之目的而管理信托事务。

Farm-land trust is the self-beneflt trust, which means that the farmer acts as both the settler and beneficiary in the trust relationship. According to the reform purpose of the separation of ＂three rights＂, farm-land tenure belongs to the farmer, and farm-land management right can be transferred to the others. Therefore, the object of trust is the farm-land management right other than contracted management right. When the trust is established, the farm-land management right is transferred to the trus- tee, who controls and disposes the management right as the owner. To protect the farmers and creditors, the registration of farm- land management right in trust should be made public, and the trustee shall manage the trust for the trust purpose.