论环境民事公益诉讼裁判的执行——“天价”环境公益诉讼案件的后续关注

On the Execution of Judgment of Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigations ——Follow- up Focus on the " High-price" Environmental Civil Public Interest Litigations

恢复原状责任是环境民事公益诉讼最核心的责任承担方式,其在实践中主要表现为环境修复。鉴于环境的不可逆性,污染清理和环境修复方案的实施一般需要很长的时间,这对环境民事公益诉讼裁判的执行提出了一系列的挑战。在环境修复方案实施中,确定环境修复技术方案的实施主体应当根据不同情况进行具体分析,环境修复方案的实施主体在实施环境修复方案过程中可以依据实施情况对方案进行修改,同时,有必要对环境修复方案的实施进行验收检查。环境利益损害救济费用相当高昂,保证污染者承担实施环境修复方案的费用十分重要。环境修复项目的执行权可以分解为执行指导权、执行操作权和执行监督权。环境民事公益诉讼执行听证会制度、财产披露制度、执行回访制度是环境民事公益诉讼裁判执行的重要配套措施。

As the most essential responsibility assumption approach in environmental civil public interest litigations, the restora- tion responsibility is mainly presented as environmental restoration in practice. Given the irreversibility of environment, it general- ly takes a long time to execute the program for pollution clean-up and environmental restoration, which poses a series of challen- ges for the execution of judgment of environmental civil public interest litigations. During the execution of the environmental resto- ration program, specific analysis should be conducted for the determination of the subject to execute the environmental restoration program under different circumstances. The subject can modify the program in the course of execution according to the progress. Besides, it is necessary to inspect and accept the execution of environmental restoration program. The relief costs for damages to environmental interests are considerably high. It is important to ensure that polluters bear the costs of environmental restoration program. The right to execute the environmental restoration project can be divided into execution guidance right, execution opera- tion right, and execution supervision right. The environmental civil public interest litigation execution hearing system, property disclosure system, and execution return visit system are important supporting measures for the execution of judgment of environ- mental civil public interest litigations.