《哈姆雷特》在中国的百年译介述评

Chinese Translations of Hamlet over the Past Hundred Years

位列莎士比亚四大悲剧之首的《哈姆雷特》在中国的译介已走过了近百年历程,步入21世纪后更见新译叠出。然而,以往的《哈》译评介与研究过多聚焦于朱、梁、卞等旧译,对新世纪以来的新译研究得明显不够,对港台译本的研究同样很少。本文将《哈》剧汉译的历史分为发轫期、探索期、苦斗期、沉寂期、崛起期和繁荣期六个时期。每个时期再按译本出版的先后,对译本的特点和得失作了系统的爬梳和简要的评述。研究发现,不同阶段的《哈》译具有不同的特点,但总体趋势是由散体为主走向诗体为主,并最终走向更加契合原剧实际的散体和诗体熔铸一体;正是百年间各个时期翻译家的不懈努力,才使得哈姆雷特的生命永葆青春,永不老去。

With the publication,since 1922,of over a dozen full Chinese versions,more than one third of which appearing in this new century,Hamlet has been the most translated of Shakespearean classics in China.Whereas studies of its rendition into Chinese have so far tended to focus on the early versions and their treatment of the subject has been somewhat at random,this paper offers a more systematic examination of all that have been published over the past hundred years or so,directing attention in particular to the more recent versions.It divides the history of Chinese translation of Hamlet into six stages.Having briefly described and critically reviewed what characterizes each stage,the paper identifies a general pattern of stylistic development from the prosaic mode in early versions to the poetic rendition in later ones and finally to a combination of the prosaic and the poetic modes in the latest translations,which is more in line with the source text's style of writing.In conclusion,the authors suggest that it is through the continuous and on-going translation and retranslation of Hamlet into Chinese and many other languages that the prince of Denmark were able to remain as young as when he was first created by Shakespeare over four hundred years ago.