不同生态区浓香型烤烟生长期气候指标的历史演变

Climatic changes in different ecological zones of strong-aroma style flue-cured tobacco growing areas

为明确不同生态区浓香型烤烟生育期光、温、水等气候指标的历史演变规律,采集了全国8个浓香型省份各产烟县1981—2011年共31 a的气候资料,对豫中豫南、豫西鲁东陕南、皖南、湘南粤北赣南、湘中赣中桂北5个生态区烟叶大田生长期平均温度、≥10℃的积温、昼夜温差、降水量、相对湿度、光照时数等气候的变化趋势进行了分析。结果表明,中国浓香型各生态区气候指标有显著差异,31 a气候指标的历史演变在不同产区表现不同的变化趋势,南方烟区烟叶生育期的平均温度、≥10℃的积温呈显著增加趋势,北方烟区温度增高趋势不够明显;南方和北方烟区光照时数、昼夜温差和降雨量的变化趋势相反,南方烟区光照逐渐增加,降雨量逐渐降低,昼夜温差增加,而北方烟区光照逐渐减少,降雨量逐渐增加,昼夜温差减小。随着历史推进,各气候指标均表现出在产区间趋同性增加。

31 years of climatic data （ 1981 - 2011 ） of 8 strong-aroma style flue-cured tobacco growing provinces were collected to study the climatic changes historically. The analysis on the changing trend in terms of average temperature during tobacco growing period, accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃, temperature differences between day and night, rainfall, relative humidity, and sunshine hours was conducted for 5 ecological zones （ Central and Southern Henan, Western Henan and Southern Shanxi and Eastern Shandong, Southern Anhui, Southern Hunan and Northern Guangdong and Southern Jiangxi, Central Hunan and Central Jiangxi and Northern Guangxi）. The results showed that there were marked differences in climatic parameters among different ecological zones. Different changing patterns within 31 years were also observed among different zones. The average temperature and accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ in southern China tobacco areas increased significantly, while that in northern China increased to a much smaller extent. The changing patterns of temperature differences between day and night, rainfall, sunshine hours were opposite for northern China areas and southern China areas. For Southern tobacco areas, sunshine hours and temperature difference increased,while rainfall decreased, while in northern growing areas, sunshine hours and temperature difference decreased, while rainfall increased. With the historic progress, all the climatic parameters showed the trend of homogenization among different ecological zones..