中国45岁及以上中老年抑郁症状及影响因素研究

Depressive Symptoms in the Mid-and Old-aged People in China

目的了解中国中老年人的抑郁症状流行水平及其影响因素,为促进我国中老年人心理健康和探讨预防措施提供依据。方法人口数据来源于2013年中国健康与养老追踪调查资料。采用流行病学调查用抑郁量表(CES-D)评定抑郁患病情况,运用二分类logistic回归方法分析抑郁症状患病率与社会人口学因素(年龄、性别、文化程度等)、其他健康相关的因素(是否患慢病、患慢性病种数、残疾、意外伤害、最近两年摔倒)及最近两年近亲属死亡(父亲死亡、母亲死亡、配偶死亡、子女死亡)情况的关系。结果本次调查发现我国中老年抑郁症状患病率为31.9%,抑郁症状平均得分为8.0±4.9。75岁以下人群相对于75岁及以上人群患抑郁症的风险更高,女性患病风险高于男性,文盲及小学文化程度者患病风险高于大专及以上水平人群,农村地区居民患病风险高于城镇居民,丧偶者患病风险高于其他近亲属死亡者,患3种慢性病患者抑郁症状患病风险高于无慢性病人群。结论中国中老年抑郁症状患病率高,心理健康问题可能增多,应积极采取预防控制措施,促进中国中老年人的心理健康。

Objective To determine the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms in the mid- and old-aged people in China. Methods Data were extracted from the 2013 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study （CHARLS）, which containthe Center Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale （CES-D）. Binary logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with the prevalence of depression symptoms. These included socio-economic status of the respondents （gender, age, education） ,health-related factors （chronic diseases, disability, accident injury, and fall in recent two years）, and family events over the past two years （deaths of a parent, spouse or child）. Results About 31.9% of respondents had depressive symptoms, with a mean CES-D score of 8.0~4.9. Women and those who were younger than 75 years, widowed, resided in a rural area, had low levels of education, and suffered from multiple chronic conditions were more likely to have depressive symptoms than the others. Conclusion High prevalence of depressive symptoms in the mid- and ol＆aged population in China is evident, which is associated with the health and socio-economic status of the population.