着色性干皮病致病基因的研究进展和基因诊断策略

Advance in research on causative genes of xeroderma pigmentosum and related diseases

着色性干皮病、Cockayne综合征和毛发硫营养障碍都是由于存在核苷酸损伤切除修复缺陷、不能有效修复紫外线照射引起的DNA损伤，从而出现症状的一组紫外线敏感性疾病，其遗传模式均为常染色体隐性遗传，涉及的致病基因已知有13个。不同基因编码的蛋白均处于DNA修复及转录通路上，因此各病之间症状时有重叠，基因型与表型的对应关系也相当复杂。本文就着色性干皮病致病基因的研究进展作一综述，重点阐述其致病基因的突变研究以及基因型与表型的对应关系，同时提出基因诊断的策略，以期为基因及产前诊断提供帮助。

Ultraviolet light（UV）-sensitive disorders refer to a group of diseases due to damages to the nucleotide excision repair mochanism which cannot effectively repair DNA damage caused by ultraviolet radiation. The inheritance pattern of such diseases, mainly including xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome and trichothiodystrophy, is autosomal recessive and known to involve 13 genes. As proteins encoded by such genes are involved in DNA repair and transcription pathways. There is overlap between the symptoms of such diseases, and their genotype - phenotype correlations are quite complex. To facilitate genetic and prenatal diagnosis for such diseases, a summary of the research progress is provided, which mainly focused on mutation research and genotype - phenotype correlation studies. We also propose a strategy for their genetic diagnosis based on recent findings of our group.