唐五代儒家经典的启蒙教育

On Study of the Formative Education in Confucian Classics in Tang and Five Dynasties

唐五代儒家经典启蒙教育以《孝经》《论语》为核心,兼及"五经",后期逐渐重文。其因有二:一是,《孝经》《论语》"五经"是古代帝王、官僚、士大夫治国处事理论大典和行为准则,借以培养文官的必备素养;二是,这些经典被作为科举考试的最主要内容,故唐前期童蒙教育尤其重视上述经典的教育;武则天以后,科举考试逐渐崇文,儒家经典启蒙教育的传统逐渐改变,诗赋教育的比重增加。经典启蒙教育的主要方法不外乎背诵、抄写、教授等,以及惩戒、因势利导等方式,这些童蒙经典教育的导向都是为参加考试服务。

The core of formative education in Confucian classics at Tang and Five Dynasties are the Classic of Filial Piety and The Analects of Confucius, including ＂the Five Classics＂, then the literature was more and more important in the later time. There are two reasons, firstly, the Classic of Filial Piety, Analects of Confucius and ＂the Five Classics＂, were the statute books and standard of behavior for the emperors and officers. They were also the basic books to train the essential accomplishment of the civil officials. Secondly, these classics Were the main content of the imperial competitive examination. Thus, in the earlier stage of Tang Dynasty, the people paid more attention on the education on the above-mentioned classics in formative education. Since the Empress Wu Zetian, the literature became more and more important in the imperial competitive examination, the education of poetry and prose education was more important than the formative education in Confucian classics.Further more, the author discussed the methods of formative education in Confucianclassics in Tang and Five Dynasties, such as recitation, transcription, instruction etc, and the teaching approach. Finally, the author evaluated the success and failure of the formative education.