近卫笃麿与19、20世纪之交的中日关系

Konoe Atumaro and the Relationship between China and Japan at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Century

东亚同文会首任会长近卫笃麿出身贵族,是活跃于日本明治时期的重要政治家。他对东亚问题抱有极大兴趣,作为"日清同盟论""支那保全论"的提倡者,与不同背景的清朝人物有过交往。1899年和1901年,近卫笃麿两度赴中国视察,可以说正是实践其对华政策理念的劈山开路之旅。从现存近卫往来书札所反映出来的中国人圈子,也基本以这两次访华为界:最先打交道的中国人,是戊戌政变后流亡海外的康、梁;1899年游历华中、江南,与张之洞、刘坤一等东南大吏建立关系;1901年访问华北,其交际圈扩展至荣禄、王文韶、瞿鸿禨、袁世凯等中枢大僚及奕劻、载沣、善耆、毓朗等满洲权贵。近卫笃麿以公务私谊为纽带,将人际关系渗入现实政治层面,对19、20世纪之交中日关系的发展产生不容小视的影响力。

Konoe Atumaro, the first president of East Asia Literal Society, was an important politician who was active in the Meiji period of Japan. He had a strong interest to east asian problems, and had kept connetions with various people of Qing dynasty. His two visits to China in the years of 1899 and 1901 can be seen as pioneering attempts of his ideas of china policy. His letters can reflect his social circle at that time. Based on such social circle, he penetrated his interpersonal relationships into political actions,and had an important influence on the relationship between China and Japan.