职业禁止制度的实证与教义图景

Empirical Study and Doctrine View of Occupational Prohibition

《刑法修正案(九)》新设职业禁止制度,使得我国的类似保安处分措施日臻成熟。《刑法修正案(八)》中禁止令制度之于职业禁止制度先行一步,职业禁止使得刑罚专业化、针对性的制度价值在禁止令制度的适用上可见一斑。职业禁止制度本质上属于类似保安处分措施,西方日趋完备的保安处分制度吸收了情境预防理论的思想内核,为职业禁止制度的适用提供了一管之见。必须结合《刑法》文本对职业禁止制度铢分毫析。具体而言,适用职业禁止规定的刑罚包括死刑立即执行以外的主刑;在专门机构已经决定宣告职业禁止的情况下,法院仍有必要另行宣告。

Amendment of criminal law （ nine） sets occupation prohibition, leading similar security measures more mature. Amendment of criminal law （ eight） sets injunction, making the punishment more special and niche targeting. Occupation prohibition belongs to similar security measures. Similar security measures in west countries which get more and more mature draw lessons from the core of situation prevention theory, which gives new experience to occupation prohibition. Occupation prohibition must be considered according to the context of criminal law. The punishment where occupation prohibition can be used includes principal penalty except death penalty. In the situation where specialized agency announces occupation prohibition, the court still needs to announce besides.