项目制、常规制与混合制:对政府购买服务中横向部门差异的分析

Project System, Bureaucracy System and Combination:The Difference of Agencies in Government Purchase of Social Service

项目制的理论认为项目制有利于加强条线控制,因此上级政府愿意采用项目制。但是,政府购买服务的项目化运作却出现横向部门差异:有的政府部门热衷于项目制;有的政府部门不愿意采用项目制,而是采用常规制;另有一些部门综合运用项目制和常规制,形成混合制。从剩余责任的角度来看,在项目制的实施过程中,作为项目发包方的上级政府虽然压缩了项目承接者的剩余控制权,却仍需承担剩余责任。政府购买服务制度的不完善使得上级政府需要承担很大的剩余责任,此时,政府部门和社会组织的信任程度成为影响政府发包的关键因素:高度信任推动项目制,中度信任导致混合制,低度信任出现常规制。

There are three types of social service supply： project system, bureaucracy system and a combination of the two methods. The majority of scholars think that project system reinforces agencies force, so it is the best option for all of agencies. However, not every agency is willing to select project system. The Agency of Civil Affairs prefers project system and the Agency of Agriculture prefers bureaucracy system. Association of Youth uses a combination of the two methods. The paper analyzes the reasons behind each agency’s method. First of all, the project system requires a lot more intensive risk management because of the lack of the system of social service outsource. Secondly, the most important aspect is to determine which of the three systems is the most beneficial and reliable in degree of trust between parties. If there is a reliable and trust-worthy NPO, then project system is likely the better of the options. However, if there is a lesser degree of reliability and confidence between the parties, then the combination method would be preferable. If reliability is uncertain, the bureaucratic method is probably the better option.