开放诗世界的无限可能——袁宏道的诗歌语言观与中国诗学传统

Opening the Infinite Possibility of the Poetic World——Yuan Hongdao in the Chinese Poetic Tradition

中国古典诗歌语言容量的扩展是一个难题。诗歌体制成熟之后,语言也趋于凝固。明代复古诗学极力维护诗歌语言的雅正,排斥更新;性灵文学思潮冲击复古,语言观是关键。其代表人物袁宏道的诗歌语言大致经历了三个阶段的变化。第一阶段追随复古理论,努力掌握经典唐诗模式。第二阶段意欲颠覆复古理念,打破诗歌语言限制,有混同诗与非诗语言的极端倾向。第三阶段尝试诗歌语言自由,寻求自然而强烈的艺术效果。为此他重新体认诗学传统,进行各种试验,以求极尽变化的可能、超越难度的极限、任意驱遣语言。袁宏道使诗歌语言由封闭转向开放的努力,在中国诗学史上应引起更多重视。

To expand the language world has always been difficult for Chinese classic poetry, especially after the poetic maturity in Tang Dynasty. The Retro poets in Ming Dynasty vigorously defended the elegance and strongly opposed any new changes of poetic language. When the “ Xingling” poets challenged revivalism, they gave different language views. As the leader of challengers, Yuan Hongdao had three stages of views on poetic language. Firstly, as a beginner, he followed the mainstream of revivalism to master the typical patterns of Tang Poetry. Secondly, he switched to cross the language boundaries between poetry and daily life. Finally, he pursued language freedom. Through discovering a different poetic tradition of Retro poets and doing a lot of language experiments, he tried to write poems freely and masterly. His efforts of driving Chinese classic poetry into an open language world is noteworthy.