克洛马事件与台湾当局的应对

Cloma Incident and the Response of the Taiwan's Authorities

1939年,日本侵占南沙群岛,改名为新南群岛,划归台湾总督府管辖。1946年12月12日,中国军队登陆太平岛,竖立界碑,重申对南沙群岛的主权。1950年,台湾当局自太平岛撤出军队。1951年,《旧金山和约》签署,规定"日本放弃对南沙群岛及西沙群岛之一切权利、权利根据与要求"。这改变不了南沙群岛、西沙群岛属于中国领土一部分的事实。1956年,菲律宾商人克洛马代表"人道王国",占据了南沙群岛的几座岛礁。其属于个人行为,不具有官方身份。台湾当局立即要求菲律宾政府承认南沙群岛属于中国领土,制止克洛马的非法行为。同时,台湾当局派海军巡航南沙群岛,在太平岛驻军,劝离克洛马探险队,来巩固对南沙群岛的司法管辖权。美国政府要求台湾当局通过和平谈判,避免流血冲突。不甘心失败,克洛马拟要求联合国仲裁南沙群岛争端。

Japanese forces occupied the Nansha （Spratly） Islands in 1939, which was named Shinan Gunto under the control of the governor - general of Taiwan . On December 12, 1946, China armed forces finally arrived on the Taiping Island, erected mark-ers and reclaimed the sovereignty on the Nansha Islands. Taiwan＇s authorities withdrew the troops from the Taiping Island in 1950. According to San Francisco Peace Treaty signed in 1951, Japan renounced all right, title and claim to the Spratly Islands and the Paracel Islands. This term does not deny the fact that China enjoys all rights over the Nansha （Spratly） and the Xisha （Paracel） Islands. Thomas Cloma, who was one businessman in the Philippines, occupied a few islands in the Nansha Islands on behalf of the “Kingdom of Humanity” in 1956. However, his behavior as a private individual had no official capacity. Taiwan＇s authorities im-mediately asked the Philippines Government to recognize that the Nansha Islands was an inseparable part of the China, s territory, and stopped Cloma’s illegal action in the Nansha Islands. At the same time, Taiwan＇s authorities consolidated the jurisdiction by establishing a garrison at the Taiping Island, operating naval patrols in the surrounding waters, and persuading the Cloma＇s expedi-tion team to leave the Nansha Islands. The U. S. Government demanded Taiwan＇s authorities to avoid a military conflict through the peaceful negotiation. Regardless of the defeat, Thomas Cloma wanted to ask for the United Nations to arbitrate the dispute about the Nansha Islands.