民国时期底层职业妇女探析——以广州茶楼女招待为个案

Analysis on the Career Women at the Bottom of Society during the Republic of China——Taking the Guangzhou Waitress at Teahouses as a Case

女招待是在妇女解放思潮的推动下,伴随着近代城市社会经济的发展而出现的新兴女性职业,也是民国时期底层女性的主要职业之一。广州女招待出现较早,人数众多,她们生活艰难,职业环境特殊。在社会舆论的压力和茶楼男工的暴力抵制下,广州市政府曾两度禁止女招待。随着城市社会经济的发展,女子入职服务行业大势所趋,广州市政府不得不承认女招待职业的合法性并采取相应措施进行管理。但由于缺乏法律和制度的有力保障,她们的社会地位始终低下,生活状况也没有得到根本的改善。

Waitress was a new female occupation which driven by the thought of women＇s l iberation, appeared with the devel-opment of modern social economy of a city, and it was also one of the main occupations of underprivileged women in the Republic of China. Guangzhou waitress appeared early and numerously. Their life was difficult and the environment was special. Under the pressure of the public opinion and the violent resistance of male workers in teahouse, Guangzhou municipal government banned the waitress twice. With the development of social economy of a city, women,s entry service industry became a general trend. Guang-zhou municipal government had to recognize the legitimacy of the female entertainment career and took appropriate measures to man-age them. But due to the lack of legal and institutional guarantee, not only their social status was always at the bottom, but also the life situation had not been fundamentally improved.