美国中小企业技术创新计划管理实践及启示——以TIP为例

Funding and Management Practice and Its Enlightenment of Technology Innovation Program(TIP) for SMEs in USA

美国技术创新计划(TIP)支持有科技优势的中小企业进行目标明确的变革性技术研发,以促进中小企业的技术创新和提升美国的竞争力。它的资助与管理具有支持企业面向国家需求的变革性研究、设立专门的咨询委员会、坚持以同行评议进行项目遴选等基本特点,以及具有把扁平化的组织管理与"跨办公室"工作模式相结合、"自上而下"与"自下而上"相结合、实行全过程管理与结果管理相结合等工作机制。它为我国科技计划管理改革带来的重要启示在于要面向国家产业需求,支持和引导中小企业的变革性技术研究;倡建中小企业创新联盟,鼓励高校、科研院所为中小企业服务;加强后评估研究工作,重视影响评估对科技计划管理的作用。

Technology Innovation Program （TIP） in USA funds SMEs with scientific and technological advantages. It supports their targeted and transformational technology research, so as to promote technological innovation in SMEs, and to increase America＇s competitiveness. This article describes the basic features of TIP funding and management, working mechanism, and proposes enlightenment that can learn from TIP for the reform of S＆T program management in China. Under the period of economic and social transformation by innovation-driven growth strategy of China, it is very important strategic significance for SMEs to play the dominant position of technology Innovation and for national S＆T program management reform that supporting and guiding SMEs＊ transformative technology research which turn in direction of national industry needs, encouraging universities, research institutes, and agency of S＆T service for SMEs innovation, creating innovation alliances of SMEs, and strengthening performance post-evaluation and impact assessment of SMEs＊ technological innovation.