围术期健康教育与心理干预对改善老年骨科患者负性情绪及疼痛的作用

The effect of perioperative health education and psychological intervention on negative emotion and pain of elderly patients with orthopaedic surgery

目的探讨围术期健康教育与心理干预对改善老年骨科患者负性情绪及疼痛的作用。方法选取骨科接受手术治疗的60例老年患者为研究对象,随机分为研究组31例和对照组29例。对照组采取常规骨科护理,研究组在对照组的基础上增加围术期健康教育和心理干预。观察入院时、术前1 d、术后3 d焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分,以及入院时、术后8 h、24 h简化Mc Gill问卷(SF-MPQ)评分。结果研究组术前1 d、术后3 d时SAS、SDS评分均较入院时降低,且低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。对照组术后8 h、24 h SF-MPQ评分均高于入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);研究组术后8 h高于入院时,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后24 h下降至入院时水平;研究组术后8 h、24 h SFMPQ评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论对老年骨科患者增强围术期健康教育与心理干预,能够减轻患者负性情绪,缓解疼痛。

m Objective To investigate the effect of perioperative health education and psychological intervention on negative emotion and pain of the elderly patient with orthopaedic surgery. Methods A total of 60 elderly patients undergoing orthopaedic surgery were randomly divided into the study group （n = 31） and the control group （n = 29） . Both two groups were given conventional nursing care, and the perioperative health education and psychological intervention were provided in the study group. Patient＇ s psychological status was assessed by self-rating anxiety scale （ SAS） and self-rating depression scale （SDS） on admission, 1 day before operation and 3 days after operation, respectively. The pain degree was evaluated by short-form McGill pain questionnaire （SF-MPQ） on admission, 8 h and 24 h after operation, respectively. Results The SAS and SDS were decreased 1 day before operation and 3 days after operation （P〈0.05 orP〈0.01）, and were significant lower in the observation group than those in control group （P 〈 0. 01）. The SF-MPQ score of patients in control group was in-creased 8 h and 24 h after operation compared with that on admission （P 〈0. 01）. The study group had a higher SF-MPQ score 8 h after operation compared with that on admission （P 〈0. 05）. The SF-MPQ score was lower in study group than that of controls 8 h and 24 h after operation, respectively （ P 〈 0. 01） . Conclusion The perioperative health education and psychological intervention can effectively help elderly patients reduce or eliminate the negative emotions and degree of pain after operation.