海口湾陆源入海口污染状况及主要污染物分布特征

Pollution situation of land-based outlets and distribution characterestics of main pollutants in Haikou Bay

2013年3月至2014年1月对海口湾5条河流(五源河、鸭尾溪、海甸溪、横沟河、南渡江)和5个人工排水沟渠(观海台泄洪沟、秀英工业排污口、丘海大道泄洪沟、万绿园西沟、龙昆沟排污口)等10处主要陆源入海口的污染物种类、浓度及其时空分布特征进行分析。结果表明,海口湾主要陆源入海口水质均较差。五源河、秀英工业排污口、丘海大道泄洪沟、龙昆沟排污口、观海台泄洪沟和鸭尾溪的污染物浓度远超过《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)Ⅱ类标准,万绿园西沟、南渡江、海甸溪和横沟河的超标情况相对较轻。主要污染物为TN、TP、COD和氨氮。五源河和万绿园西沟的主要污染物浓度表现为枯水期>丰水期,其余陆源入海口的主要污染物浓度随季节发生变化。

A dynamic investigation on pollution situation of land-based outlets was carried out from March 2013 to January 2014,which focused on kinds,concentrations and spatial and temporal distribution of main pollutants. The scope of land-based outlets covered five rivers （Wuyuan River, Yawei Rivulet, Haidian Rivulet, Henggou River and Nandujiang River） and five artificial drainage ditches （Guanhaitai Drain,Xiuying Industrial Drain, Qiuhaidadao Drain, Wanlvyuanxi Drain and Longkun Drain） along the Haikou Bay. Results showed that the aquatic environment quality of these land-based outlets was relatively damaged. Pollutant concentrations of Wuyuan River,Xiuying Industrial Drain, Qiuhaidadao Drain,Longkun Drain,Guanhaitai Drain and Yawei Rivulet far exceeded the secondary standard of Envi-ronmental quality standards for surface water, （GB 3838-2002） , while those showed better results on Wanlvyuanxi Drain,Nandujiang River, Haidian Rivulet and Henggou River. The main pollutants in land-based outlets of Haikou Bay were TN, TP, COD and ammonia nitrogen. Additionally, annual average concentrations of main pollutants on Wuyuan River and Wanlvyuanxi Drain were higher in dry season than in wet season, while others had seasonal varia-tions.