清代贵州书院时空分布特点探析

Distribution and Development of Guizhou's Academies during the Qing Dynasty

清代是贵州书院繁荣发展的时期。在政府主导和社会参与的共同作用下,书院教育以前所未有的势头高歌猛进,深入到广大少数民族地区,主导贵州的社会教育,进而取代地方官学成为传统教育体系的核心,担负起为国家和社会培养人才的重要任务。考察清代贵州书院发展状况,我们发现清代贵州书院的发展,在时空分布上既有与全国发展相一致的共同性,也有明显的差异性,具有鲜明的地域性、时代性特征。这既受清政府统治政策的制约,又受贵州政治经济发展的影响,是清代贵州政治经济发展在教育领域的深刻反映。

The Qing dynasty saw a boom of academy development in Guizhou. Cooperation between the government and social entities fueled rapid development of these academies, even reaching certain ethnic minority groups. At that time, the academies were the mainstay of social education, the core of the traditional education system in Guizhou that replaced government-run schools and served as the hub of talent for the nation. A study on the development of Guizhou's academies during the Qing dynasty shows its consistency with the nationwide development of academies in temporal and spatial distribution while featuring a clear distinction in locality and time period. The development of the province's academies was subject to the central Qing government's policies as well as local economic and political development, which manifested the way in which Guizhou's economic and political development affected its education system.