喷施有机硒肥对苹果果实硒含量及品质的影响

Effects of Spraying Organic Selenium Fertilizers on Selenium Content and Quality of Apple Fruits

以长富2号为试材,通过叶面喷施不同稀释倍数的有机硒肥,研究外源硒肥对苹果果实品质及果实硒含量的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,喷施有机硒肥有利于提高苹果果实的单果质量、纵径、横径、着色面积以及可溶性固形物、总糖、蔗糖、Vc、硒含量和糖酸比;但喷施有机硒肥对果实硬度、色泽及光洁度影响不显著;喷施A2(500倍稀释液)有机硒肥可使果实可溶性固形物、Vc、硒含量和糖酸比、着色面积分别较对照显著提高11.38%,16.49%,220%和36.29%,10.64%;喷施A3(300倍稀释液)有机硒肥可使果实单果质量、纵径和横径分别较对照提高20.32%,16.64%和11.05%,但使果实总酸含量和果形指数较对照分别降低29.16%和7.69%;苹果叶面喷施有机硒肥的浓度与其单果质量、纵径、横径和硒含量呈显著正相关,而与果形指数和总酸含量呈显著负相关。因此,在果树生长期(5月下旬、7月上旬和8月上中旬)宜喷施500倍有机富硒叶面肥改善果实品质和增加果实硒含量。

In this study, Malus pumila Miller Chang fu 2 trees were used as materials, and different multiple dilutions of organic selenium fertilizer （800, 500, 300 multiple dilution） were sprayed to the trees to analyze their effects on fruit quality and Se content in fruit. The results showed that foliar spraying organic selenium could improve the single fruit quality, vertical length, transverse length, red area percent, and the content of soluble solid, total sugar, sucrose, sugar-acid ratio, Vc and Se in fruit. However, spraying Se had no significant effect on flesh firmness, color and fineness of fruit. When the spraying dosage of Se was 500 multiple dilution, the soluble solid, sugar-acid ratio, red area percent and the content of Vc and Se in fruit significantly increased by 11.38% ,36.29%, 10.64%, 16.49% and 220% ,respectively. When the spraying dosage of Se was 300 multiple dilution, the fruit quality, the fruit vertical length and transverse length significantly increased by 20.32%, 16.64% and 11.05%, ~spectively, but the total acid content and the fruit shape index significantly decreased by 29.16% and 7.69%, respectively. The Se dosage was significantly positively correlated with the Se content in fruit, the single fruit quality and the fruit vertical length and transverse length, and significantly negatively correlated with the fruit shape index and the total acid content in fruit. Therefore, the 500 multiple dilution of organic selenium fertilizer should be sprayed to the apple t^e for improving the fruit quality and the Se content in fruit at the period of growth and development which refer to the last ten day of May, the first days of Juty and the early of middle of August.