不灭的金钱:鲁滨孙、摩尔与祥子之因缘

Eternal‘Money':On the Literary Kinship Between Defoe's Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders and Laoshe's Xiangzi

英国现实主义小说家笛福的《鲁滨孙漂流记》《摩尔·弗兰德斯》两部作品,以无处不在的金钱为媒介,塑造出鲁滨孙·克鲁梭、摩尔·弗兰德斯两个鲜活生动的"经济个人主义"形象。这一切影响着老舍《骆驼祥子》中"‘经济个人主义’祥子"形象的塑造,但他笔下的祥子与笛福笔下的鲁滨孙、摩尔有所区别,老舍对他们既接受,又改造,这是一种独创性的"影响"。所以,笛福笔下的鲁滨孙、摩尔与老舍笔下的祥子之间存在着一段无法绕过的文学"因缘"。这是值得重视的比较文学研究课题,对英国文学和中国现代文学研究具有重要学术价值。

By means of employing the external money as vehicle, Daniel Defoe, the realistic novelist in English literature, successfully portrays the two lively protagonists with ＇economic individualism＇ in his two eponymous novels Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders. This manipulates Lao She＇ s characterization of Xiangzi as ＇economic individualist＇ in his nearly eponymous novel Camel Xiangzi. However, Lao She not only accepts the two characters of Defoe but also reforms them. This is what Lao She distinguishes himself from Defoe. It would be the kind of influence carried out in creativity or innovation. And, consequently, the literary kinship must have existed between Defoe＇ s Robinson Crusoe and Moll Flanders and Lao She＇ s Xiangzi. This finding would be an important comparative literature issue. It is of much academic value to English literature and modern Chinese literature researches.