原油脱水方法综述

Crude Oil Dehydration Methods

目前,随着油田不断的深化开采,我国的大部分油田都已经进入了中后期,国内各油田为了提高采收率,通常采用注水与三次采油的开发方式。注水使采出液含水率不断上升,而高含水原油对生产及运输均有很大的危害。简要介绍了原油含水对生产的影响及原油中水的存在类型,并综述了目前常用的原油脱水方法,分为物理方法,如重力沉降脱水、旋流分离脱水;化学方法,如加入破乳剂;电脱水方式及几种新型脱水方式,如超声波法、微波辐射法、生物法等,提出了国内今后的原油脱水技术的发展方向。

Now, with the continuous deepening of oil field exploitation, most of our oil fields have entered the middle and late stages. In order to improve oil recovery, water injection methods and tertiary oil recovery are always used in oil fields. Water injection methods enhance the moisture content of crude oil. High water cut in crude oil has a great influence on the production and transportation. In this article, the impact of water in crude oil on the production was described as well as types of water in crude oil, and current crude oil dehydration common methods were introduced, such as physical methods including gravity settling dewatering, dewatering cyclone separator; chemical methods including adding demulsifier; electric dehydration and several new methods, including electrical pulse dehydration, ultrasonic dehydration, microwave radiation dehydration, biological method. The development direction of crude oil dehydration technology was also proposed.