论我国台湾地区的民事起诉制度及其对我国大陆地区立案登记制的启示

The Civil Pleading System of Taiwan and its Enlightenment on the Case-filing Registration System of Mainland

我国大陆地区目前正在全力推进的立案登记制改革对于破解过去的"立案难"问题确实具有重大现实意义,但因与之相关的法律和司法解释规定的不完全契合,不能称其为已臻完善。基于我国台湾地区与大陆地区地缘、文化与法系上的相近性,可以借鉴其民事起诉制度的合理设计,为我国大陆地区立案登记制的进一步完善提供参考。我国台湾地区的民事起诉制度未对原告的起诉设置"高门槛",无论诉讼要件还是本案要件均在起诉后由审判庭作实质审理。我国大陆地区应适时修改现行法律和司法解释所规定的起诉条件,取消《民事诉讼法》第一百一十九条有关主管及对原告适格的限制性规定,将符合第一百二十四条所规定的特殊情形按驳回起诉处理,严格限定不予登记立案的案件类型,对诉状有欠缺的原则上也由审判庭裁定驳回起诉。同时,将诉讼要件与本案要件并交审判庭作实质审理。

Although the ongoing case-filing registration system reformation in Mainland indeed has great realistic meaning in solving the ＂difficulty in case-filing＂of the past,we cannot say that the related regulations of law and judicial interpretations match well. Based on the similarities in geographical relationship,culture and legal system between Taiwan and the Mainland,we can provide the perfection of Mainland’s case-filing registration system with references by referring to the rational design of the system of Taiwan. The civil pleading system of Taiwan does not set a high threshold upon plaintiff’s pleading,and whether litigation elements or substantive elements are all substantially tried by trial division. So,Mainland should amend the pleading conditions provided by the current law and judicial interpretations timely,abolish the restrictive regulations as to the scope of civil litigation as well as the competence of plaintiff provided in article 119 of Civil Procedure Law,reject complaint when the case matches a certain special circumstance provided in article 124,strictly limit the case patterns which cannot be filed,and reject complaint by the trial division once the statement of complaint is defective; meanwhile,let the trial division substantially try the litigation elements and substantive elements simultaneously.