环境污染侵权责任成立证明问题研究

On the Proof of Environmental Pollution Tort Liability Establishment

举证责任及证明标准会对实现实体法立法意图、平衡诉讼双方利益产生直接影响。在环境污染侵权责任构成认定中,原告负担证明污染环境行为及损害的举证责任。被告负担污染环境行为与损害结果之间因果关系不存在的举证责任,原告不应承担因果关系存在的初步证明责任,但应当依照诚实信用原则妥善保存受污染样本等原始证据。在因果关系证明标准上,宜区分决定责任成立的因果关系和影响责任承担的因果关系而采用不同标准:前者宜采用排除合理怀疑标准,后者宜采用高度盖然性标准。

Burden of proof and proving standard would have direct influence on the achievement of legislative intention in Substantive Law and the balance of the interests between parties in litigation. In the course of establishing the constitution of Environmental Pollution Tort Liability,the plaintiff bears a burden to prove the existence of both environmental pollution behavior and damage. While the defendant should prove the non-existence of causation between the behavior and damage,the plaintiff should not bear a burden to preliminarily prove the existence of this causation,but appropriately manage original evidences such as the polluted sample according to the principle of good faith. As to the proving standard of causation,it is necessary to adopt different standards according to the differentiation of the liability establishment causation and the liability scope causation： the former should be Beyond Reasonable Doubt and the latter should be The High Degree of Probability.