长林系列油茶在不同分布区域的果实品质差异及综合评价

Variation and comprehensive evaluation of fruit quality of Changlin series of Camellia oleifera at different distribution regions

为了选育和推广在当地适应性较好的长林系列油茶良种,对浙江省金华、建德市和江西省樟树市的3个试验地的10个长林系列油茶品种(即长林3、4、18、21、23、27、40、53、55、166号)的果实品质和油茶籽油脂肪酸成分的差异情况进行了调查测定与分析研究。结果表明:不同分布区域下,鲜籽含水率、烘干籽出仁率的差异均显著;不同品种对鲜果纵径、横径、鲜果质量、鲜籽质量、鲜果出籽率、烘干种仁质量、干仁含油率均有显著影响。油茶籽油的脂肪酸成分,不同分布区域下亚油酸、亚麻酸、顺-11-二十碳烯酸的含量差异均显著。采用主成分分析法对各试验地的10个长林系列油茶品种进行了综合评价,结果表明:不同分布区域油茶综合评分值的大小顺序为:金华(0.960)>建德(0.315)>樟树(-1.275);不同品种的综合评分值,长林27、3、18、4、21、23号的综合评分值均较高。仅考虑第1主成分,各试验地的油茶其综合评分值的排名为:建德(2.771)>金华(-0.350)>樟树(-2.240),其中以浙江建德的长林27号为最优。

In order to select and promote the adaptable Changlin clones of Camellia oleifera in local, the fruit quality and fatty acid composition in seed oil of 10 Changlin series of C. oleifera at three regions were investigated and analyzed, including Changlin No.3, Changlin No.4, Changlin No.18, Changlin No.21, Changlin No.23, Changlin No.27, Changlin No.40, Changlin No.53, Changlin No.55, and Changlin No.166. The results showed that water content in fresh seed and kernel content in dried seed had significant differences at different distribution regions. Varieties had significant influences on longitudinal and transverse diameters of fruit, fresh fruit mass, fresh seed mass, seed ratio in fresh fruit, dried kernel mass, and oil rate in dry kernel. Within the fatty acid compositions in seed oil, the contents of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, cis-11-eicosenoic acid had significant different among the distribution regions. The 10 Changlin series of C. oleifera were evaluated by using the method of principle component analysis. The results showed that the order of the distribution regions was Jinhua （0.960）, Jiande （0.315）, Zhangshu （ - 1.275）, based on the comprehensive scores from high to low. The comprehensive scores of Changlin No.27, Changlin No.3, Changlin No.18, Changlin No.4, Changlin No.21 and Changlin No.23 were higher than those of the others. According to the comprehensive scores of the first principal component, the order of three regions was Jiande （2.771）, Jinhua （ - 0.350）, Zhangshu （ - 2.240）, and Changlin No.27 in Jiande was the best.