岩溶山区玉米—黄豆避涝减灾栽培技术

Research on technology of waterlogging disaster avoidance and reduction for corn-soybean cultivation in Karst moutain areas

【目的】为破解大石山区低洼农田涝不保收难题。【方法】实地调查山区旱地农作物涝灾情况和山区低洼旱地玉米-黄豆避涝减灾示范项目。【内容】分析山区旱地涝灾的成因,提出玉米、黄豆避涝减灾技术对策。【结论】山区旱地涝灾的成因有自然降水分布不均、山地缺乏排灌设施、避涝栽培措施不当。【建议】选用早熟优质品种,适时适墒避涝播种,实行地膜、秸秆覆盖,推广垄作减涝技术,实行控氮增钾施肥等关键措施,实现春玉米涝灾前成熟与秋黄豆涝灾后保种保收,并获得较高的经济产量。

[ Objective ]To solve the problem of flood disaster happened in low-lying farmland of rocky mountainous area. [ Method ]Investigate the low-lying situation and the corn-soybean demonstration project of waterlogging disaster avoidance and reduction for corn and soybean cultivation in Donglan mountain area. [ Content]Analyze the factors of waterlogging disaster in mountain area, put forward the strategies for preventing waterlogging disaster of corn and soybean. [ Conclusion ]The causes of waterlogging in dry farm land in moutain area; the maldistribution of natural rainfall,lack of irrigation and fauilities,improper cultivated measures of avoiding waterlogging disaster. [ Suggestion ]By selectingpreeocious high-quality corn varieties,and applying the related key measures, such as seeding quantity in preventing waterlogging, plastic film mulching cultivation, etc., can realize the spring corn maturity before waterlogging disaster and ensure autumn soybean storage after flooding, obtain higher economic yield.