“致君尧舜”:唐代皇帝的神圣化与士人转型

“Making Emperor to be Yao and Shun”:The Emperor's Sanctification and Intellectuals' Transformation in Tang Dynasty

先秦诸子奠定的尧舜圣王形象以及为政之道,成为后世的思想资源。秦汉以降,皇帝逐步走向圣人化,时君和尧舜的对比频现,特别是魏晋南北朝时由于特殊政治氛围而热议"尧舜"话题,最终使"致君尧舜"在唐代体现为特定的政治话语符号。初唐魏征直言极谏和"耻君不及尧舜"思想结合产生的诤谏精神,开元时玄宗和宰丞共同缔造出"致君尧舜,身作伊皋"的政治理念,都推动唐代士人在思想领域的转型分化:一路由王道转向儒道,连接起宋儒一脉;一路推崇有政治追求的事功,呈现出唐人新风。

The political images of Yao and Shun in Pre-Qin Period have become ideological resources for later generations and the sanctification of emperors turned out to be the normal case right after Qin and Han Dynasties. Yao and Shun are constantly contrasted to emperors, especially during the Wei-Jin and the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the topics about Yao and Shun are hot due to the special political atmosphere. As a result, the notion of ＂Making Emperor to be Yao and Shun＂ becomes a specific symbol of political discourse in Tang Dynasty. Wei Zheng＇s extremely blunt remonstrance spirit in early Tang and the favorable political atmosphere in Kaiyuan both contribute the ideological transformation differentiation of scholars at that time. One changes ＂kingly way politics＂ to Confucianism, which links to the Neo-Confucianism in Song Dynasty; while the other seeks for respected political achievements, which shows the new style of Tang scholars.