中国古代宫廷文学及价值的再审视

New Examination of the Court Literature and Value in Ancient China

在中国古代,宫廷是一个特殊的权力场域与文化生存空间,这也直接导致了宫廷文学具有仪式化、政治性、偏重形式美、题材狭窄等特点。先秦时期的《雅》《颂》宗庙乐歌、西汉宫廷辞赋、南朝"宫体诗"与骈文、初唐"上官体"及晚唐"艳词"、宋代"西昆体"、明代"台阁体"等皆属于宫廷文学的范畴。然而,在历史上,宫廷文学一度被批评、否定,始终得不到应有的评价。今天,我们应以实事求是的态度,重新审视它在促进新文体的形成与完善、推动文学革新与描写女性及边缘人物上所具有的重要价值和意义。

Court was a special field of power and living space about culture in early China, which immediately brings court literature some characteristics, such as ritualization, political nature, formal beauty and narrow theme. The category of the court literature includes ancestral temple songs Ya and Song in pre-Qin periods, the court Ci Fu of the Western Han dynasty, the Gong-Ti poetry and parallel prose of the Southern dynasties, the eary Shang-Guan style and the late erotic Ci in the Tang Dynasty, the Xi-Kun poems in the Song dynasty and the official style of the Ming dynasty. However, the court literature was criticized and denied in history, and has not been properly evaluated. Today we should take an objective attitude to the important value and significance in promoting the new style, improvement of the literary innovation, description of the female and frontier figures.