隐私权与个人信息权的界分——以司法判决为中心的分析

Differentiation of the Privacy Right and the Personal Information Right——Analysis on the Judicial Decision as a Core

个人信息权与隐私权界限应当泾渭分明。制度层面上,隐私权与个人信息权的权利属性、客体以及保护方式等都存在着不同,单纯从隐私权角度来保障个人信息权显然不足以达到救济权利的目的,个人信息权的设立具有理论基础以及在立法例上皆有参考;价值层面上,隐私权立足于保护人格尊严和人格的自由发展,而个人信息权是基于个人的信息自决权。从法经济学角度考虑,笼统规范二者,司法效益的价值发挥欠佳,保护个人信息权能够对人格权形成更为充分的保护。民法典在进行体系设计时,可以考虑将人格权独立成编,此二者分别做出细致的规范,两者明确区分的模式,利于形成更为合理的人格权体系。

The boundary between right of personal information and privacy should be quite distinct from each other. There are some different perspectives between the privacy right and the personal information right, such as the aspects of the right attribute, the object and the way of protection. Protecting the personal information rights simply from the angle of the right of privacy is clearly not enough to achieve the purpose of relief rights. The establishment of the personal information right has theoretical foundation and legislation examples for ref- erence. In the value aspect of the legal system, the privacy right protects the human dignity and the free devel- opment of personality, but the personal information right protects the right of self-determination. From the perspective of Law and Economies, normalizing the two sides in broad generality impairs the judicial efficien- cy. Advocating the personal information right can protect the personality right sufficiently. When designing the framework of the Civil Code, it would be better to make the law of personality right as a separate part of Civil Code, develop circumstantial norms for both sides and draw a clear line between the personal information rights and the privacy rights, to contribute a more reasonable system of the personality right.