猪粪生物质炭对土壤肥效及小白菜生长的影响

Effects of swine manure biochar on soil fertility and cabbage(Brassica chinensis)growth

针对我国畜禽养殖业飞速发展,畜禽粪便产生量迅速增加造成的环境问题及其再利用问题,以猪粪生物质炭为研究对象,探究猪粪厩肥炭化前后对土壤肥力和小白菜生长的影响,以期为畜禽粪便的农业资源化利用提供新思路新途径。采用盆栽试验,设置3个猪粪生物质炭施用量梯度0.5%、1%和2%,并按49.8%的炭化产率折算,设置风干猪粪厩肥施用量梯度1%、2%和4%,比较炭化前后的施用效应。试验结果表明,猪粪厩肥热裂解炭化后灰分、有机碳、全磷、全钾和速效钾的含量较猪粪厩肥有所提高,而全氮、碱解氮和速效磷含量有所降低。猪粪生物质炭处理显著增加了土壤有机质、全氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量,但增加幅度低于对应量的猪粪厩肥处理。施用猪粪生物质炭较相应量猪粪厩肥处理的小白菜产量提高26.50%~49.98%,氮素偏生产力提高119.32%~162.81%,叶面积提高20.84%~21.58%;与猪粪厩肥相比,猪粪生物质炭可显著提高小白菜可溶性蛋白质和维C含量,增幅33.11%~42.93%和15.16%~46.06%,硝酸盐含量显著降低17.80%~22.08%。畜禽粪便热裂解炭化是养殖业废弃物处理和资源化利用的一种有效途径。

Reusing animal manure not only reduces environmental pollution caused by livestock and poultry industries, but also promotes agricultural sustainable development. Pyrolyzing manure has been proved to be an effective way to recycle animal waste. However, there is little information available about the effects of manure biochar on vegetable growth and soil fertility. A pot experiment was designed to examine soil fertility and cabbage growth following applications of swine manure biochar at 0.5%, 1% and 2% and swine manure at 1%, 2% and 4%,with chemical fertilizer as control. Compared with swine manure, biochar contained higher ash, organic carbon, total phosphorus, total potassium and available potassium, but lower total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus. Soil organic matter, soil TN, available P and K increased significantly in both swine manure biochar and swine manure treatments, with higher values in swine manure than in its biochar, as compared with the control. Relative to the swine manure treatments, biochar applications increased the yield of Chinese cabbage by 26.50% ~49.98%, N partial factor productivity by 119.32% ~162.81%, leaf area by 20.84% ~21.58%, soluble protein by 33.11% ~42.93%, and vitamin C by 15.16%~46.06%, but decreased plant nitrate content by 17.80%~22.08%. Therefore, pyrolysis of manure may be a promising and effective way to reduce animal waste pollution and recycle waste.